Shingle Roof Anatomy

Let’s go over the different layers of material that are used in a typical shingle roof.

Layers of a typical single roof

1/  Roof Sheathing:

This is the structural base of the roof (the roof deck). The sheathing is attached to the rafters or trusses of the roof. It’s usually made of plywood or oriented strand board (OSB) and provides the foundation for the other roofing materials. 

2/  Underlayment or Felt Paper:

This layer provides an extra barrier between the roof deck and the shingles. It is typically made of asphalt-saturated felt or synthetic materials. It provides a secondary layer of protection against any water that may get under the shingles. During roof installation or repairs, underlayment can provide temporary protection against the elements until the final roofing material is installed.

3/ Ice and Water Shield (Technically: Self-Adhering Membrane):

This is a waterproofing underlayment designed to protect vulnerable areas of the roof from water penetration, particularly in areas prone to ice dams and heavy rainfall. It’s made of a rubberized asphalt material and is self-adhering, meaning it sticks directly to the roof deck.

4/ Drip Edge:

Drip edge is a metal flashing that’s installed along the edges of the roof. It helps to direct water away from the fascia and into the gutters, protecting the roof and the underlying structure from water damage.

5/ Starter Shingles:

Starter shingles are specially designed shingles that are installed at the eaves and rake edges of the roof. They provide a secure foundation for the first row of shingles and help prevent wind damage.

6/ Shingles:

Shingles are the outermost layer of the roof and provide protection from the elements. They are typically made of asphalt and come in a variety of styles and colors. Shingles are installed overlapping each other, starting from the bottom of the roof and working upwards.

Each of these layers plays a crucial role in protecting the roof and the structure of the house from water damage, wind damage, and other elements.

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